We Must Remember to Keep This From Happening Again
In English there are diverse means to describe rules and obligations, and every bit a student it tin be catchy to understand which way is right for each situation. Hither is a description of each modal verb that we use to express obligation and how and when to employ them.
Must
'Must' is the bones and most directly way of saying something is compulsory. It means you take no choice simply to practice (or not practice) an activeness. We can only use 'must' in the present form to depict a general or permanent obligation, or an obligation in the near future. The structure of 'must' is easy because it is the aforementioned for every subject:
Here are some examples:
When you bulldoze you must wear a seatbelt.
They must hand in their projects before the 8th June.
I must call up to send a altogether card to my Dad.
He must study harder if he wants to pass the exam.
We must get to the airdrome two hours before the flying.
To brand negative sentences we add 'non which is normally contracted to n't:
We use 'mustn't' to express a prohibition or strong obligation. For instance:
When the traffic lights are red you lot mustn't get.
They mustn't use their mobile phones during lessons.
We mustn't stand up upward while the plane is taking off.
I mustn't drink any more than java, otherwise I won't slumber tonight.
She mustn't go outside without a jacket. It's really common cold.
Passengers must not lean on the doors.
Information technology's possible to brand questions with 'must' but information technology'due south non very common in modern English language. To make the question form we invert the subject area and 'must':
Hither are some examples:
Must I become to the political party? I don't really want to.
What time must we leave? Non later than 2pm.
Must he make and then much dissonance? Information technology'southward really annoying.
Why must the children practise so much homework?
What must y'all wear at work?
Who must we call for an appointment?
Accept to
In the affirmative form, 'have to' has the same pregnant every bit 'must' and is used to express obligations. All the same, 'have to' is much more flexible than 'must' because we can apply information technology in the past, the nowadays and the future. For this reason it is very commonly used in modern English. Its structure is the same every bit any normal verb:
Here are some examples of affirmative sentences:
I accept to e-mail the supplier before he sends the goods.
We take to do the shopping because the cupboards are empty.
She has to accept two trains and a coach to get to work every solar day.
You have to practice if you want to be fluent.
Motorcyclists have to wear a helmet.
If you're a foreigner yous accept to fill in a landing carte.
Nosotros utilize questions with 'have to' to ask if something is obligatory, and questions with 'have to' are much more than common in modern English language than questions with 'must'. Here are some examples:
What time do you lot have to start work?
Do we have to take annihilation with the states to the course?
Why do they have to do overtime? – Because their deadline is tomorrow.
Does he have to wear a adjust to work?
Do I have to bring some course of ID?
What do nosotros have to do at present?
The negative course of 'have to' has a very different meaning from 'mustn't'. We apply 'don't accept to' to mean something is not necessary and that in that location is no obligation. For case:
When you ride a bicycle you don't accept to wear a helmet, only it'southward a good idea.
She doesn't accept to come to the meeting if she doesn't want to.
We don't have to habiliment uniforms to schoolhouse in Italy.
I don't have to work on Saturdays so I can do what I want.
They don't have to read all the books the teacher recommended, just ane of them.
Yous don't have to pay to employ the motorways in England. They are free.
Obligations in the past and in the future
To describe an obligation in the by, the only form possible is the past of 'have to' which is 'had to'. And so the simple by course of 'must' is 'had to'. The structure is the same for all subjects:
For example:
I had to wait a long fourth dimension for my charabanc.
We didn't have to use our passports. They accustomed our ID cards.
Did you have to pay a fine when the police stopped you?
The medico told her she had to lose weight.
They had to queue up for ii hours to go through security. They nearly missed their flight.
You lot had to do a lot of conference calls in your last job, didn't you?
We can also employ 'have to' in other tenses, like the present perfect grade when nosotros desire to draw recent obligations or obligations within an unfinished time flow. For example:
I've had to work a lot this week.
She's had to leave early on because her daughter is sick.
They haven't had to become to the doctor for years. They've very good for you kids.
We can also use 'accept to' with 'will' to draw an obligation, or lack of obligation, in the future. For example::
You'll have to work hard if yous want to get a promotion.
Nosotros'll have to hurry up. The film starts in ten minutes.
She won't take to start her job until side by side month, and then she'southward going on holiday.
Will they take to sign a register during lessons?
I'll have to railroad train hard for the marathon. I'chiliad non fit enough yet.
You lot'll accept to tell Marie the truth, otherwise you'll get into trouble.
Must or Take to?
So when do you use 'must' and when exercise you utilise 'have to'? Generally speaking, in the present affirmative form y'all can utilize either 'must' or 'take to'. All the same, there is a slight difference when we speak in the showtime person. When y'all want to describe an internal obligation (an society you give yourself), it'due south better to use 'must'. For example:
These pants don't fit me anymore. I must lose weight.
On the opposite, when you describe an external obligation (an order someone gives you) we utilize 'have to'. For example:
My doctor told me I'm overweight and I have to continue a nutrition.
Instead when orders are general and official, for case on notices and documents, nosotros usually use 'must'. For example:
Passengers must keep their bags with them at all times.
In negative sentences you need to remember that if you desire to draw an obligation to not do something, y'all demand to use 'mustn't'. While if yous want to say that there is no obligation, use 'don't accept to'. For example:
You mustn't practice that! (Don't do it because information technology is not permitted.)
You don't have to practice that. (Y'all have no obligation to exercise it only you can if you want to.)
Shall
In some documents and official situations you can observe 'shall' used to depict formal obligations. For case:
Employees shall provide a medical document for sick leave.
Both parties shall requite reasonable discover if they cannot attend the hearing.
Hotel guests shall pay for any harm to the rooms.
Members shall non apply the gym equipment without a demonstration from the staff.
You shall wear your ID badge at all times.
Applicants shall come to interviews with their CV and copies of their qualifications.
Need
We utilise 'demand' to describe a necessity. It has a very similar meaning to obligation and can therefore be a more polite mode of maxim 'must' or 'have to'. Unusually, 'demand' is both a normal verb and as well a modal verb. In almost all cases you can only utilise the normal verb grade which has a regular structure:
Here are some examples:
Nosotros need to fill up upward with petrol. The tank is almost empty.
Do you need anything from the shops?
They don't need to come up early. They can come whenever they're ready.
In modern English, 'demand' every bit a modal verb is merely really used in the negative form and without 'to'. For example:
You needn't do the washing up. I'll practice it later.
They needn't complete the work right away. At that place's plenty of time.
She needn't worry about going to the dentist's. He's very kind.
N.B. You lot 'don't need to' and 'you needn't' are very like in meaning to 'yous don't take to'.
May
We use 'may' to ask and give permission formally. The construction of 'may' is like any other modal verb:
Here are some examples:
May I come in?
You may have a seat here. The officeholder will come in a few minutes.
They may use the equipment equally long as they apply if carefully.
May we accept some water?
He may take the exam again.
You may not use your phone while driving.
And so now you've seen the differences these means of expressing obligation, you lot're ready to do! Try some fun exercises and do actress practise by making some examples to describe some of your personal obligations.
Source: https://www.wallstreetenglish.com/exercises/the-difference-between-must-have-to-shall-need-and-may
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